Analyze the performance of your API Endpoints¶

This guide explains how to use pipe_stats and pipe_stats_rt, giving several practical examples that show what you can do with these Service Data Sources.

Tinybird is all about speed. It gives you tools to make real-time queries really quickly, and then even more tools to optimize those queries to make your API Endpoints faster.

Of course, before you optimize, you need to know what to optimize. That's where the Tinybird pipe_stats and pipe_stats_rt Data Sources come in. Whether you're trying to speed up your API Endpoints, track error rates, or reduce scan size and subsequent usage costs, pipe_stats and pipe_stats_rt let you see how your API Endpoints are performing, so you can find performance offenders and get them up to speed.

These Service Data Sources provide performance data and consumption data for every single request, plus you can filter and sort results by Tokens to see who is accessing your API Endpoints and how often.

Prerequisites¶

You need a high-level understanding of Tinybird's Service Data Sources.

Understand the core stats¶

In particular, this guide focuses on the following fields in the pipe_stats_rt Service Data Source:

• pipe_name (String): Pipe name as returned in Pipes API.
• duration (Float): the duration in seconds of each specific request.
• read_bytes (UInt64): How much data was scanned for this particular request.
• read_rows (UInt64): How many rows were scanned.
• token_name (String): The name of the Token used in a particular request.
• status_code (Int32): The HTTP status code returned for this particular request.

You can find the full schema for pipe_stats_rt in the API docs.

Using the Query API with metadata parameters¶

If you are using the Query API to run queries in Tinybird you can still track query performance using pipe_stats_rt Service Data Source. You add metadata related to the query as request parameters in addition to any existing parameters already used in your query.

For example, when running a query against the Query API you can leverage a parameter called app_name to track all queries from the "explorer" application. Here's an example using curl:

curl -X POST \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer <PIPE:READ token>" \
    --data "% SELECT * FROM events LIMIT {{Int8(my_limit, 10)}}" \
    "https://api.tinybird.co/v0/sql?my_limit=10&app_name=explorer"

When you run the following queries, use the parameters attribute to access those queries where app_name equals "explorer":

SELECT *
FROM tinybird.pipe_stats_rt
WHERE parameters['app_name'] = 'explorer'

Example 1: Detect errors in your API Endpoints¶

If you want to monitor the number of errors per Endpoint over the last hour, you could do the following:

SELECT
  pipe_name, 
  status_code, 
count() as error_count
FROM tinybird.pipe_stats_rt
WHERE status_code >= 400
AND start_datetime > now() - INTERVAL 1 HOUR
GROUP BY pipe_name, status_code
ORDER BY status_code desc 

If you have errors, this would return something like:

Pipe_a | 404 | 127
Pipe_b | 403 | 32

With one query, you can see in real time if your API Endpoints are experiencing errors, and investigate further if so.

Example 2: Analyze the performance of API Endpoints over time¶

You can also use pipe_stats_rt to track how long API calls take using the duration field, and seeing how that changes over time. API performance is directly related to how much data you are reading per request, so if your API Endpoint is dynamic, request duration varies. For instance, it might be receiving start and end date parameters that alter how long a period is being read.

SELECT 
   toStartOfMinute(start_datetime) t,
   pipe_name,
   avg(duration) avg_duration,
   quantile(.95)(duration) p95_duration,
   count() requests
FROM tinybird.pipe_stats_rt
WHERE
   start_datetime >= {{DateTime(start_date_time, '2022-05-01 00:00:00', description="Start date time")}} AND
   start_datetime < {{DateTime(end_date_time, '2022-05-25 00:00:00', description="End date time")}}
GROUP BY t, pipe_name
ORDER BY t desc, pipe_name

Example 3: Find the Endpoints that process the most data¶

You might want to find Endpoints that repeatedly scan large amounts of data. These are your best candidates for optimization to reduce time and spend.

Here's an example of using pipe_stats_rt to find the API Endpoints that have processed the most data as a percentage of all processed data in the last 24 hours:

WITH (
   SELECT sum(read_bytes)
   FROM tinybird.pipe_stats_rt
   WHERE
   start_datetime >= now() - INTERVAL 24 HOUR
   ) as total,
sum(read_bytes) as processed_byte
SELECT
   pipe_id,
   quantile(0.9)(duration) as p90,
   formatReadableSize(processed_byte) AS processed_formatted,
   processed_byte*100/total as percentage
FROM tinybird.pipe_stats_rt
WHERE
   start_datetime >= now() - INTERVAL 24 HOUR
GROUP BY pipe_id
ORDER BY percentage DESC

Modifying to include consumption of the Query API¶

If you use Tinybird's Query API to query your Data Sources directly, you probably want to include in your analysis which queries are consuming more.

Whenever you use the Query API, the field pipe_name contain the value query_api. The actual query is included as part of the q parameter in the url field. You can modify the query in the previous section to extract the actual SQL query tha's processing the data.

WITH (
   SELECT sum(read_bytes)
   FROM tinybird.pipe_stats_rt
   WHERE
   start_datetime >= now() - INTERVAL 24 HOUR
   ) as total,
sum(read_bytes) as processed_byte
SELECT
   if(pipe_name = 'query_api', normalizeQuery(extractURLParameter(decodeURLComponent(url), 'q')),pipe_name) as pipe_name,
   quantile(0.9)(duration) as p90,
   formatReadableSize(processed_byte) AS processed_formatted,
   processed_byte*100/total as percentage
FROM tinybird.pipe_stats_rt
WHERE
   start_datetime >= now() - INTE
RVAL 24 HOUR
GROUP BY pipe_name
ORDER BY percentage DESC

Example 4: Monitor usage of Tokens¶

If you use your API Endpoint with different Tokens, for example if allowing different customers to check their own data, you can track and control which Tokens are being used to access these Endpoints.

Here's an example that shows, for the last 24 hours, the number and size of requests per Token:

SELECT
   count() requests,
   formatReadableSize(sum(read_bytes)) as total_read_bytes,
   token_name
FROM tinybird.pipe_stats_rt
WHERE
   start_datetime >= now() - INTERVAL 24 HOUR
GROUP BY token_name
ORDER BY requests DESC

To obtain this information, you can request the Token name (token_name column) or id (token column).

Next steps¶

• Want to optimize further? Read Monitor your ingestion.
• Learn how to monitor jobs in your Workspace.
• Monitor the latency of your API Endpoints.
• Learn how to build Charts of your data.